D-Aspartic Acid - In-Depth Scientific Supplement Information | Examine.com
This page on D-Aspartic Acid features 5 unique references to scientific papers.
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Buy from Amazon.comSummary (The Good, The Bad, and all other Essential Benefits/Effects/Facts Information)
D-Aspartic acid is one of two forms of the amino acid Aspartic Acid. Unlike its naturally occurring counterpart, no food offers pure D-Aspartic acid, but rather a blend of both forms (D- and L-).D-Aspartic acid is able to increase Testosterone levels in healthy men according to a recent study, and seems to do so by both neurological and testicular methods which are synergistic.
It also has other notable hormonal effects, as a metabolic by-product of D-Aspartic Acid is a regulator of growth hormone secretion and is intimately involved in Melatonin secretion rates.
Also Known As
D-AA, D-Aspartate, DAADo Not Confuse With
DL-Aspartate, AspartateIs a Form of
Goes Well With
How to Take (recommended dosage, active amounts, other details)
Testosterone increasing benefits have been found with taking 3000mg (3g) once daily.D-Aspartic Acid, like all Testosterone Booster, should be cycled. The two main cycle lengths seem to be:
- 12 days on, followed by 7 days off; repeat if desired
- 3 weeks on, followed by 2-4 weeks off; repeat if desired
Looking to Buy Some D-Aspartic Acid?
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- D-Aspartic Acid is slightly stimulatory via acting as an NMDA (excitatory neuron) agonist
Caution Notice (just some FYI - if needed)
Like all Testosterone Booster, D-Aspartic Acid requires an aromatase inhibitor for the most benefit.Examine.com Disclaimer
Detailed Summary
Table of Contents:Edit1. Neurological Implications
D-Aspartic Acid can get methylated via the enzyme D-Aspartic acid methyl-transferase and become the compound NMDA (N-methyl-D-Aspartate). NMDA is an agonist for a subset of glutamate (excitatory) receptors in the brain with a wide range of effects as neuromodulators.D-Aspartic Acid is a regulatory factor for Melatonin secretion additionally,[1] but whether supplementation affects sleep cycles is unknown.
Edit2. Endocrine (Hormonal) Implications
D-Aspartic Acid works neurologically via it's metabolite N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) and in the testes as D-Aspartate.Accumulation of D-Aspartic Acid in the Adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary) gets converted into NMDA via the enzyme D-Aspartic Acid Methyl-transferase via using S-adenyl methionine (SAM) as the primary methyl donor. The presence of NMDA in the Adenohypophysis causes increases in the secretion rates of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), Growth-Hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), and Prolactin Releasing Factors (PRFs). These 3 messenger compounds travel to the hypothalamus and cause releases in Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Growth Hormone (GH), and Prolactin respectively.[2]
In the testicular side of things, D-Aspartic Acid causes increases in testosterone synthesis via upregulation of the mRNA that produces a compound called STAR (Stimulating steroidogonic Acute Regulatory Protein) which regulates androgen synthesis in the Leydig cells.[3] Upregulation of STAR raises the maximum amount of possible testosterone synthesis possible by the testes.
The secretion of hypothalamic LH (from the neurally active excess of NMDA) also induces testosterone synthesis in the leydig cells.
It has been found to increase testosterone levels in humans when supplemented at 3g a day.[4]
Edit3. Aromatase
Increasing testosterone on its own will increase the aromatase enzyme's activity in the testes. However, D-Aspartic acid may have an ability to directly upregulate the testicular and ovarian aromatase enzyme independent of testosterone levels[5]. This has not yet been shown in humans, but administration to ovarian cells or the aromatase enzyme shows increased levels of active estrogens (primarily oestrogen and 17b-estradiol).Human Clinical Trial Results
Confidence Key
- ARepeated double blind clinical trials
- BAt least one double blind clinical trial
- CUnblinded or retrospective studies
- DUncontrolled or observational studies only
Questions/comments/concerns? Join the D-Aspartic Acid Discussion
| Confidence | Attribute | Result in Studies | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| B | Testosterone | Show Study |
Disagree? Join the D-Aspartic Acid Discussion
Scientific Support & Reference Citations
References
- Ishio S, et al. D-aspartate modulates melatonin synthesis in rat pinealocytes. Neurosci Lett. (1998)
- Pampillo M, et al. The effect of D-aspartate on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, GABA and dopamine release. Neuroreport. (2002)
- Stimulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene expression by d-aspartate in rat Leydig cells
- Topo E, et al. The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. (2009)
- Lamanna C, et al. Involvement of D-Asp in P450 aromatase activity and estrogen receptors in boar testis. Amino Acids. (2007)
Last Updated: May 11, 2012 15:18:44
(Common misspellings for D-Aspartic Acid include aspartc, D-asp, D-Aspartc)
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